Journal of Management, Business and Social Sciences https://journal.ubl.ac.id/index.php/mabuss <p><strong><img 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" /></strong></p> <p><strong>MABUSS: Journal of Management, Business and Social Sciences</strong> aims to help shape the field of Management and Social Sciences. This field has grown dramatically in recent years as scholars recognize the power and significance of business and social sciences to society. The journal publish quality research and debate in Management and Social Sciences and is committed to a breadth of outlook that acknowledges the interdisciplinary nature of business and social sciences to societal issues, encourages the development of <em>sound theoretical analysis</em> in management and social sciences, recognizes the best empirical traditions of rigorous business and social sciences, while providing a platform for new perspectives of a more qualitative and/or critical orientation, and reflects the social significance of business and society by addressing the social, political and economic contexts in which business processes are embedded.</p> Program Studi Magister Manajemen en-US Journal of Management, Business and Social Sciences 2987-6761 DIGITAL COMPETENCE MODEL, WORK DISCIPLINE, AND LEADERSHIP: THE ROLE OF WORK MOTIVATION IN ENHANCING THE PERFORMANCE OF STATE CIVIL APPARATUS (ASN) AT THE SOUTH LAMPUNG REGENCY TRANSPORTATION AGENCY https://journal.ubl.ac.id/index.php/mabuss/article/view/279 <p><em>This study aims to analyze the effects of digital competency, work discipline, and leadership on the performance of Civil Servants (ASN), with work motivation serving as a mediating variable at the Transportation Office of South Lampung Regency. The study employed a quantitative approach using a survey method. The research population consisted of all 113 Civil Servants at the Transportation Office of South Lampung Regency, selected using a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 4.0. The findings indicate that work discipline, leadership, and work motivation have positive and significant effects on Civil Servant performance, whereas digital competency has no direct effect on performance but has a positive and significant effect on work motivation. In addition, work discipline and leadership do not have significant effects on work motivation, and work motivation is unable to mediate the relationships between digital competency, work discipline, leadership, and Civil Servant performance. The study concludes that improvements in Civil Servant performance are influenced more directly by work discipline, leadership, and work motivation, while digital competency does not directly improve performance. Therefore, the Transportation Office of South Lampung Regency is recommended to strengthen the implementation of work discipline, enhance leadership quality, develop more applicable digital competencies, and improve employees' work motivation to support organizational performance.</em></p> Mardofian Akrom Munthasir Andala Rama Putra Barusman Haninun Haninun Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Management, Business and Social Sciences 2026-09-01 2026-09-01 4 4 1 20